Kwiyongera gukenewe kugirango twizere kwizerwa mu nganda bivuze ko injeniyeri akeneye gusuzuma ibice byose byibikoresho byabo.Sisitemu yo gutwara ni ibice byingenzi mumashini kandi kunanirwa kwayo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kandi zihenze.Igishushanyo mbonera kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwizerwa, cyane cyane mubikorwa bikabije birimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa buke, vacuum hamwe nikirere cyangirika.Iyi ngingo irerekana ibitekerezo ugomba gufata mugihe hagaragajwe ibyerekeranye nibidukikije bitoroshye, bityo injeniyeri zirashobora kwemeza kwizerwa no gukora neza igihe kirekire cyibikoresho byabo.

Sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu igizwe nibintu byinshi birimo imipira, impeta, kage hamwe no gusiga urugero.Ibikoresho bisanzwe ntibisanzwe bihagarara kumurongo wibidukikije bityo rero bigomba kwitabwaho kubice byihariye.Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni amavuta, ibikoresho, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe budasanzwe cyangwa gutwikira kandi urebye kuri buri kintu bivuze ko ibyuma bishobora gushyirwaho neza kubisabwa.

Gukorera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru

Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushoboka, nkibikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukora mu nganda zo mu kirere birashobora kwerekana imbogamizi zisanzwe.Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe buriyongera mubikoresho uko ibice bigenda biba bito kandi byongereye imbaraga-ubwinshi, kandi ibi bitera ikibazo kubisanzwe.

Amavuta

Gusiga amavuta ni ikintu cyingenzi hano.Amavuta hamwe namavuta bifite ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora aho bizatangira kwangirika no guhinduka vuba biganisha ku kunanirwa.Amavuta asanzwe akunze kugarukira ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwa 120 ° C kandi amavuta asanzwe yubushyuhe arashobora guhangana nubushyuhe bwa dogere 180 ° C.

Ariko, kubisabwa bisaba n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane amavuta ya fluor amavuta yo kwisiga arahari kandi ubushyuhe burenze 250 ° C buragerwaho.Iyo amavuta yo kwisiga adashoboka, amavuta akomeye ni amahitamo yemerera gukora umuvuduko muke no mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Muri iki gihe, molybdenum disulphide (MOS2), tungsten disulphide (WS2), grafite cyangwa Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) birasabwa kuba amavuta akomeye kuko ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane mugihe kirekire.

Ibikoresho

Iyo bigeze ku bushyuhe burenze 300 ° C impeta idasanzwe nibikoresho byumupira birakenewe.AISI M50 nicyuma cyo hejuru cyubushyuhe busanzwe busabwa kuko bugaragaza kwambara cyane no kunanirwa nubushyuhe bwinshi.BG42 ni ikindi cyuma cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru gifite ubukana bwiza kuri 300 ° C kandi gikunze kugaragara kubera ko gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ruswa kandi ntigishobora no kunanirwa n'umunaniro no kwambara ku bushyuhe bukabije.

Ubushuhe bwo hejuru burakenewe kandi burashobora gutangwa mubikoresho bidasanzwe bya polymer harimo PTFE, Polyimide, Polyamide-imide (PAI) na Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamavuta ya sisitemu ifite amavuta arashobora kandi gukorerwa mumuringa, umuringa cyangwa ibyuma bisize ifeza.

Kwambara no kuvura ubushyuhe

Kwambara neza hamwe no kuvura hejuru birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kurwanya ubushyamirane, kwirinda kwangirika no kugabanya kwambara, bityo bikazamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwinshi.Kurugero, amakariso yicyuma arashobora gutwikirwa na feza kugirango atezimbere imikorere kandi yizewe.Mugihe cyo kunanirwa / kwicwa ninzara, isahani ya feza ikora nkamavuta akomeye, ituma ubwikorezi bukomeza gukora mugihe gito cyangwa mugihe cyihutirwa.

Kwizerwa ku bushyuhe buke

Ku rundi ruhande rwikigereranyo, ubushyuhe buke burashobora kuba ikibazo kubibazo bisanzwe.

Amavuta

Mubushyuhe buke bushyirwa mubikorwa, kurugero rwa pompe ya cryogenic hamwe nubushyuhe mukarere ka -190 ° C, amavuta amavuta aba ibishashara bikaviramo kunanirwa.Gusiga amavuta nka MOS2 cyangwa WS2 nibyiza mugutezimbere ubwizerwe.Byongeye kandi, muri izi porogaramu, itangazamakuru ripompa rirashobora gukora nk'amavuta, bityo ibyuma bigomba gushyirwaho kuburyo bwihariye kugirango bikore kuri ubu bushyuhe buke ukoresheje ibikoresho bikorana neza nibitangazamakuru.

Ibikoresho

Ikintu kimwe gishobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubuzima bwumunaniro no kwihanganira kwambara ni SV30® - martensitike ikoresheje gukomera, azote nyinshi, ibyuma birwanya ruswa.Imipira ya ceramic nayo irasabwa nkuko itanga imikorere isumba iyindi.Imiterere ya mashini yibikoresho bivuze ko itanga imikorere myiza mugihe cyo gusiga amavuta, kandi birakwiriye rwose gukora neza mubushyuhe buke.

Ibikoresho byo mu kato nabyo bigomba gutoranywa kugirango birusheho kwambara kandi bishoboka hano harimo PEEK, Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) na plastike ya PAI.

Kuvura ubushyuhe

Impeta zigomba gushyirwaho ubushyuhe bwihariye kugirango zongere imbaraga zubushyuhe buke.

Igishushanyo mbonera

Ikindi gitekerezwaho cyo gukora mubushyuhe buke nigishushanyo mbonera cyimbere.Imyenda yatunganijwe hamwe nurwego rwo gukinisha imirasire, ariko uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, ibice bitwara bigenda bigabanuka kandi ubushyuhe bwo gukina buragabanuka.Niba urwego rwo gukina rwa radiyo rugabanuka kuri zeru mugihe cyo gukora ibi bizavamo kwihanganira gutsindwa.Imyenda igenewe ubushyuhe buke igomba gutegurwa hamwe no gukinisha imirasire yubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango yemere urwego rwemewe rwo gukinisha imirasire yubushyuhe buke.

Gukemura ikibazo cya vacuum

Muri ultra-high vacuum ibidukikije nkibiboneka mugukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, semiconductor na LCDs, umuvuduko urashobora kuba munsi ya 10-7mbar.Ultra-high vacuum yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa mubikoresho bikora mubikorwa byo gukora.Ubundi buryo busanzwe bwa vacuum ni pompe ya turbomolecular (TMP) itanga icyuho cyibidukikije.Muri ubu buryo bwa nyuma, ibyingenzi bisabwa gukora kumuvuduko mwinshi.

Amavuta

Gusiga amavuta muribi bihe ni urufunguzo.Kuri ibyo byuho byinshi, amavuta yo kwisiga asanzwe arahinduka kandi akanasohoka, kandi kubura amavuta meza bishobora kuviramo gutsindwa.Amavuta yihariye rero agomba gukoreshwa.Kubidukikije bya vacuum (hafi ya 10-7 mbar) Amavuta ya PFPE arashobora gukoreshwa kuko afite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya umwuka.Kubintu bya ultra-high vacuum ibidukikije (10-9mbar na hepfo) bigomba gukoreshwa amavuta akomeye hamwe na coatings.

Kubidukikije biciriritse (hafi 10-2mbar), hamwe nogushushanya neza no guhitamo amavuta yihariye ya vacuum, sisitemu itanga ubuzima burebure bwamasaha arenga 40.000 (hafi imyaka 5) yo gukomeza gukoresha, kandi ikora kumuvuduko mwinshi, irashobora byagezweho.

Kurwanya ruswa

Imyenda igenewe gukoreshwa mubidukikije byangirika igomba gushyirwaho muburyo bwihariye kuko ishobora guhura na acide, alkalis namazi yumunyu mubindi bikoresho byangiza.

Ibikoresho

Ibikoresho nibitekerezo byingenzi kubidukikije byangirika.Ibyuma bisanzwe bitwara ibyuma byoroshye, biganisha ku kunanirwa hakiri kare.Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bya mpeta ya SV30 hamwe nudupira twa ceramic bigomba kwitabwaho kuko birwanya ruswa.Mubyukuri, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibikoresho bya SV30 bishobora kumara inshuro nyinshi kurenza ibindi byuma birwanya ruswa ahantu haterwa umunyu.Mu igeragezwa ryumunyu-spray igenzurwa ibyuma bya SV30 byerekana gusa ibimenyetso byangirika nyuma yamasaha 1.000 yo gupima umunyu (reba igishushanyo 1) kandi SV30 irwanya ruswa igaragara neza kumpeta yikizamini.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byumupira wamaguru nka Zirconiya na Carbide ya Silicon nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango barusheho kongera imbaraga zo kwihanganira ibintu byangirika.

Kubona byinshi mubitangazamakuru byo gusiga

Ibidukikije byanyuma bitoroshye ni porogaramu aho itangazamakuru rikora nk'amavuta, urugero nka firigo, amazi, cyangwa hydraulic fluid.Muri izi porogaramu zose ibikoresho ni byo byingenzi bitekerezwaho, kandi SV30 - ceramic hybrid cings yamye yabonetse kugirango itange igisubizo gifatika kandi cyizewe.

Umwanzuro

Ibidukikije bikabije birerekana ibibazo byinshi mubikorwa bisanzwe, bityo bikabatera kunanirwa imburagihe.Muri iyi porogaramu ibyingenzi bigomba gushyirwaho neza kugirango bihuze intego kandi bitange umusaruro muremure.Kugirango habeho kwizerwa kwinshi kwimyitozo igomba kwitabwaho cyane kubisiga amavuta, ibikoresho, gutwikira hejuru no kuvura ubushyuhe.