Kugera kuri 40 ku ijana by ibihingwa byimboga birashobora kujya mu myanda bitewe nibisabwa byiza bya supermarket.Mugihe imboga zoroshye zidashobora kuba zishimishije cyane, zifite agaciro kintungamubiri zingana na mugenzi we.

Kwangirika kwubutaka birashobora gufata uburyo bwinshi, uhereye kumasoko mumihanda, kwambara uhereye kumavuta adafite akamaro, kwangirika kubera imiti ikaze kugeza kubimenyetso bitagira ingano biterwa no guhindagurika.Mugihe umubabaro wo hejuru ushobora kuvamo ibimenyetso bitera ibibazo nkubushyuhe bukabije, urusaku rwinshi, urusaku rwinshi cyangwa urujya n'uruza rwinshi, ntabwo inenge zose zituruka hanze zerekana imikorere yimashini imbere.

Ruswa ni ibintu bisanzwe bibaho kandi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kwangiza ubuso abashinzwe uruganda rwa peteroli na gaze ku nyanja bagomba guhangana nabyo.Hariho uburyo icumi bwibanze bwo kwangirika, ariko kwihanganira ruswa mubisanzwe biri mubice bibiri bigari - kwangirika kwubushuhe cyangwa kwangirika.Iyambere ni ibidukikije byihariye, ariko birashobora kugaragara kubintu byose bigize ubwikorezi, bigatera urwego rwa okiside iteye ubwoba nkibisubizo byimiti hamwe nicyuma.

Kurugero, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubwikorezi bukunze guhura nubushuhe cyangwa alkaline yoroheje bitewe nuko bahura namazi yo mu nyanja.Kubora byoroheje bishobora kuvamo urumuri rworoshye, ariko mubihe bikomeye, birashobora gutuma umuntu yikubita hejuru yikizenga, bikavamo uduce twibintu byangiritse byinjira mumihanda.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ruswa ikunze kumenyekana nkumwanzi karemano wo kwifata.

Ruswa ntabwo iteye ubwoba gusa;irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka zikomeye mubucuruzi.Ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwa IMPACT bwakozwe naNACE Mpuzamahanga, ishyirahamwe rishinzwe kurwanya ruswa ku isi, byagereranijwe ko 15-35 ku ijana bya ruswa ishobora gukizwa iyo hakurikizwa uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ruswa.Ibi bihwanye no kuzigama hagati ya $ 375 na miliyari 875 $ buri mwaka kwisi yose.

Umwanzi?

Ntibishoboka kwirengagiza akamaro k'ibiciro bya ruswa, icyakora birwanya ruswa bigomba gutekerezwa hamwe nibindi bisabwa nko gukora kuramba no kuremerera.

Fata nk'urugero.Imashini yo gucukura irasabwa gukora neza ariko igomba no gukora mubihe bitababariwe.Bitewe n’ibidukikije bikabije bya peteroli na gaze, byasabwa gufata ibyuma birwanya ruswa.Niba injeniyeri yubushakashatsi yahitamo kwangirika cyane kwangirika kwakozwe muri polyether ether ketone (PEEK), ibi byahagarika kwangirika mumirongo yabyo, ariko neza neza imashini irashobora guhungabana.Muri iki gihe, uhitamo ibyuma bisobanutse neza bitagira ibyuma bifite uburinganire buringaniye mugihe wemera ko ruswa ishobora kuba nziza.

Mugihe usuzumye ubuziranenge hamwe nubwiza bwibintu, ni ngombwa kureba hejuru yuburanga bwiza.Kurwanya ruswa ni kimwe gusa mubikorwa bisabwa, ntabwo byanze bikunze bihwanye nimikorere mibi cyangwa bigira ingaruka kumbere.

Kwemeza ibikoresho bikwiye byatoranijwe nintambwe yambere - kandi ibi nibyingenzi kumashini manini manini n'ibikoresho bito, nk'ibikoresho.Kubwamahirwe, abayobozi ba offshore barashobora gupima ibyifuzo byabo kandi barashobora guhitamo kurwanya ruswa murwego rwo gushushanya.Hano hari uburyo butatu bwo kurwanya ruswa ugomba gusuzuma:

A-Guhitamo Ibikoresho

Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni amahitamo agaragara yo kurwanya ruswa kandi akoreshwa cyane mu nganda za peteroli na gaze.Ifite kandi indi mico myiza nko kuramba no kurwanya ubushyuhe.Ibyiciro 440 byo mu byuma bitagira ibyuma bifite imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibidukikije bitose kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa nkibiryo byibiribwa n'ibinyobwa.Nyamara, ibyuma 440 byo mu byuma bitagira umuyonga bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya amazi yumunyu hamwe n’imiti myinshi ikomeye, bityo kubidukikije bikabije 316 ibyuma bishobora kutagaragara.Nyamara, nkuko 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese bidashobora gukomera, 316 ibyuma bikwiranye gusa nuburemere buke hamwe nibisabwa byihuse.Kurwanya kwangirika kwabo nibyiza mugihe habaye ogisijene ihagije kuburyo ibyo byuma bikoreshwa cyane hejuru yumurongo wamazi, mumazi yinyanja atemba cyangwa aho imiyoboro ishobora gukaraba nyuma yo kwibira mumazi yinyanja.

Ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo ni ceramic.Ibikoresho byuzuye bya ceramic bikozwe muri zirconi cyangwa nitride ya silicon hamwe na kasike ya PEEK birashobora gutanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya ruswa kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mumazi.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibyuma bya pulasitiki, hamwe n’ibyuma 316 bidafite ingese cyangwa imipira yikirahure, bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.Ibi akenshi bikozwe muri acetal resin (POM) ariko ibindi bikoresho birahari kuri acide zikomeye na alkalis nka PEEK, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na fluoride polyvinylidene PVDF.Kimwe nicyiciro cya 316, ibi bigomba gukoreshwa gusa mumitwaro mike hamwe na progaramu isobanutse neza.

Urundi rwego rwintwaro zirwanya ruswa, ni igikoresho cyo gukingira.Chromium na nikel isahani itanga ruswa nziza mubidukikije byangirika cyane.Ariko, impuzu amaherezo izitandukanya no gukenera gukomeza kubungabungwa.Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha porogaramu zo hanze.

B-Amavuta

Amavuta yo kwisiga atanga firime yoroheje hagati y aho ahurira kugirango agabanye ubukana, agabanye ubushyuhe kandi abuze kwangirika kumipira no mumihanda.Ubuso bwubuso hamwe nubwiza bwamavuta nibyingenzi bigira ingaruka kumpamvu yo kumenya niba umubabaro uzaba cyangwa utazabaho.

Guhitamo ibintu byiza byo gusiga.Mubidukikije aho ruswa ishobora kugaragara hanze yububiko, ntibigomba kwemererwa kugaragara imbere.Imyenda ya SMB irashobora gutanga ibyuma bifunze hamwe namavuta adafite amazi arimo inhibitori.Aya mavuta arinda ubuso bwimbere yimbere kandi birashobora guhuzwa nibidukikije byo hanze.Ibikoresho bya ceramic byuzuye byerekanwe cyane nta gusiga ariko birashobora gusukwa hamwe namavuta adafite amazi kugirango arambe.

C-Ikidodo

Mu bidukikije bikaze, kurinda umwanda bifite akamaro kanini cyane, guhitamo rero kashe yo guhuza nibyiza kugirango ibyanduye bitinjira mubitereko.Kubikoresho bishobora guhura nubushuhe, kashe yo guhuza nayo izatanga amazi menshi.Ibi bizahagarika gukaraba amavuta hanze, bikayemerera gukora akazi kayo mu gusiga no kurinda imbere yimbere.Ubundi buryo ni ingabo yicyuma ariko ibi bitanga kugabanya cyane kurinda ubushuhe.

Mugusuzuma ibidukikije bikora, bisabwa kuramba hamwe nuburemere bizakoreshwa mubitereko, icyiza cyiza gishobora kuba 'imboga zoroshye' kandi ntizigume zishimishije muburyo burebure.Urebye uburyo ibidukikije bikora neza, abashinzwe ibishushanyo mbonera barashobora gupima niba guhitamo uburyo bwo kugenzura ruswa bizaba byiza cyane, kongera igihe cyo gutwara no kuzamura imikorere yimashini.