Moteri y'amashanyarazi igira uruhare runini mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi - aho dutuye, akazi ndetse no gukinira.Muri make, bakora hafi ibintu byose bigenda, byimuka.Hafi 70 ku ijana by'amashanyarazi akoreshwa n'inganda akoreshwa na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.1

Hafi ya 75 ku ijana bya moteri yinganda zikora zikoreshwa mugukoresha pompe, abafana na compressor, icyiciro cyimashini zoroha cyane kunoza imikorere ikomeye2.Izi porogaramu akenshi zikora kumuvuduko uhoraho, igihe cyose, nubwo bidakenewe.Iki gikorwa gihoraho gisesagura ingufu kandi gitanga imyuka ya CO2 idakenewe, ariko mugucunga umuvuduko wa moteri, dushobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ingaruka kubidukikije.

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ni ugukoresha moteri ihindagurika (VSD), igikoresho kigenga umuvuduko wa moteri yamashanyarazi muguhindura inshuro na voltage bihabwa moteri.Mugucunga umuvuduko wa moteri, ikinyabiziga kirashobora kugabanya gukoresha ingufu (urugero, kugabanya umuvuduko wibikoresho byizunguruka 20% birashobora kugabanya ingufu zinjiza hafi 50%) kandi bigatanga iterambere ryinshi mugucunga ibikorwa hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo kuzigama ibikorwa mubuzima ya moAs nkingirakamaro nka VSDs zo kuzigama ingufu mubikorwa byinshi, zirashobora gutera moteri idashyitse niba idahagaze neza.Mugihe hariho impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye zitera moteri yumuriro wamashanyarazi, ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mugihe ukoresheje ikinyabiziga ni ukunanirwa biterwa na voltage yuburyo busanzwe.

Ibyangiritse biterwa na voltage isanzwe

Muri sisitemu y'ibyiciro bitatu, imbaraga zisanzwe za voltage zirashobora gusobanurwa nkubusumbane buri hagati yibyiciro bitatu byakozwe nubugari bwa pulse ubugari bwa moderi ya disiki, cyangwa itandukaniro rya voltage hagati yububasha bwamashanyarazi nubutaka butabogamye bwa bitatu- icyiciro cy'umutwaro.Ihindagurika ryuburyo busanzwe bwumubyigano wa electrostatike itera voltage kumurongo wa moteri, kandi iyi voltage irashobora gusohora binyuze mumuzinga cyangwa mumashanyarazi.Igishushanyo mbonera cya kijyambere, icyiciro cya insulasiyo na insinga irwanya insinga irashobora gufasha kurinda umuyaga;icyakora, iyo rotor ibonye iyubakwa rya voltage spike, ikigezweho ishakisha inzira yuburwanya buke kubutaka.Kubijyanye na moteri yamashanyarazi, iyi nzira inyura muburyo butaziguye.

Kubera ko moteri ikoresha amavuta yo gusiga, amavuta mumavuta akora firime ikora nka dielectric, bivuze ko ishobora kohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi idatwaye.Igihe kirenze naho, iyi dielectric irasenyuka.Hatariho uburyo bwo kubika amavuta, imbaraga za shaft zizasohoka zinyuze hejuru, hanyuma zinyuze mumazu ya moteri, kugirango isi igere kubutaka.Uku kugenda kwamashanyarazi bitera arcing mubitereko, bikunze kwitwa imashini isohora amashanyarazi (EDM).Mugihe uku guhora kwizana kugaragara mugihe, ubuso bwubwoko bwubwoko bwaravunitse, kandi uduce duto twibyuma dushobora kumeneka imbere.Amaherezo, ibintu byangiritse bikora inzira hagati yimipira yubwoko hamwe nubwoko bwayo, bigatera ingaruka zo gusya, zishobora kubyara micron nini, bita ubukonje, cyangwa igikarabiro kimeze nk'imisozi imeze nk'imodoka, bita flute.

Moteri zimwe zirashobora gukomeza gukora uko ibyangiritse bigenda byiyongera, nta kibazo kigaragara.Ikimenyetso cya mbere cyo kwangirika mubisanzwe ni urusaku rwumvikana, kubera imipira yikaraga igenda hejuru yubukonje.Ariko mugihe uru rusaku ruzaba, ibyangiritse mubisanzwe byabaye byinshi bihagije kuburyo gutsindwa biri hafi.

Bishingiye ku gukumira

Inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda mubisanzwe ntabwo zihura ningaruka ziterwa na moteri yihuta, ariko mubice bimwe na bimwe, nk'inyubako z'ubucuruzi hamwe no gutwara imizigo yikibuga cyindege, guhagarara neza ntabwo buri gihe biboneka.Muri ibi bihe, ubundi buryo bugomba gukoreshwa kugirango uyobore ubu buryo kure yububiko.Igisubizo gikunze kugaragara nukwongeramo igikoresho cya shitingi kuruhande rumwe rwa moteri, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho voltage isanzwe ishobora kugaragara cyane.Ubutaka bwa shitingi nuburyo bwo guhuza rotor ya moteri ihinduranya isi ikoresheje ikariso ya moteri.Ongeraho igikoresho cya shitingi kuri moteri mbere yo kwishyiriraho (cyangwa kugura moteri ifite imwe yabanje gushyirwaho) birashobora kuba igiciro gito cyo kwishyura mugihe ugereranije nigiciro cyamafaranga yo kubungabunga ajyanye no gusimbuza, tutibagiwe nigiciro kinini cya igihe cyo hasi mu kigo.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya shitingi munganda muri iki gihe, nka karuboni ya karubone, impeta ya fibre yohasi hamwe nubutaka bwigenga, hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kurinda ibyuma nabyo birahari.

Amashanyarazi ya karubone amaze imyaka irenga 100 akoreshwa kandi arasa na karuboni ikoreshwa kuri moteri ya DC.Umuringa wikubitiro utanga umurongo wamashanyarazi hagati yikizunguruka nigice gihagaze cyumuriro wamashanyarazi hanyuma ugafata umuyaga uva kuri rotor ukajya hasi kugirango amafaranga atubake kuri rotor kugeza aho asohokera mumutwe.Amashanyarazi yohasi atanga uburyo bufatika kandi bwubukungu bwo gutanga inzira-y-impedance yubutaka, cyane cyane kuri moteri nini;icyakora, ntibabuze ibibi byabo.Kimwe na moteri ya DC, guswera birashobora kwambarwa kubera guhuza imashini na shitingi, kandi, hatitawe ku gishushanyo mbonera cya brush, inteko igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango hamenyekane neza hagati y’igituba n’igiti.

Impeta-shitingi ikora nka brush ya karubone, ariko irimo imirongo myinshi ya fibre itwara amashanyarazi itunganijwe imbere yimpeta.Hanze yimpeta, ubusanzwe ishyirwa kumpera ya moteri, ikomeza guhagarara, mugihe umwanda ugenda hejuru yumutwe wa moteri, ukayobora umuyaga unyuze mumashanyarazi hanyuma ukamanuka hasi.Impeta-shitingi irashobora gushirwa imbere muri moteri, ikabemerera gukoreshwa kumurimo wo gukaraba hamwe na moteri yumwanda.Nta buryo bwo guhunika ibiti butunganijwe neza, ariko, kandi impeta zo kumanika zashyizwe hanze zikunda kwegeranya umwanda kuri pisitori, zishobora kugabanya imikorere yazo.

Kwikuramo ibintu bifatanyiriza hamwe guhuza tekinoloji ebyiri: igice cyibice bibiri, kidahuza ingabo ikoresha uburyo bwa labyrint kugirango hirindwe kwanduza umwanda hamwe na rotor ya metallic hamwe nimpeta yimikorere ya filament yimitambiko kugirango ihindure imigezi ya shitingi.Kubera ko ibyo bikoresho nabyo birinda gutakaza amavuta no kwanduza, bisimbuza kashe isanzwe hamwe na gakondo.

Ubundi buryo bwo kubuza gusohora amashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi ni ugukora ibyuma biva mubikoresho bidakora.Mububiko bwa ceramic, imipira yometseho ceramique irinda ibyuma birinda umuyaga wa shitingi kunyura kuri moteri.Kubera ko nta mashanyarazi atembera muri moteri, hari amahirwe make yo kwambara-biterwa;icyakora, ikigezweho kizashaka inzira kubutaka, bivuze ko bizanyura mubikoresho bifatanye.Kubera ko ububiko bwa ceramic butazakuraho ikigezweho muri rotor, gusa porogaramu yihariye-igendanwa irasabwa kuri moteri ifite ceramic.Ibindi bitagenda neza nigiciro cyubu buryo bwo gutwara moteri no kuba ibyuma bisanzwe biboneka kugeza kuri 6311.

Kuri moteri irenze imbaraga zinguvu 100, mubisanzwe birasabwa ko hashyirwaho icyuma cyiziritse ku mpande zinyuranye za moteri yashizwemo igikoresho, hatitawe ku buryo bwakoreshwa.

Inama eshatu zihuta zo gushiraho

Ibitekerezo bitatu kuri injeniyeri yo kubungabunga mugihe ugerageza kugabanya imbaraga za voltage zisanzwe mubikorwa byihuta ni:

1. Menya neza ko moteri (na sisitemu ya moteri) ihagaze neza.
2. Menya neza uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu neza, bizagabanya urusaku kimwe nuburinganire bwa voltage.
3. Niba igikoresho cya shitingi gifatwa nkigikenewe, hitamo kimwe gikora neza kubisabwa.

Iyo imiyoboro ihari ihari, ntanumwe uhuza igisubizo cyose.Nibyingenzi kubakiriya na moteri hamwe nabatwara ibinyabiziga kugirango bakorere hamwe kugirango bamenye igisubizo gikwiye kubisabwa byihariye.